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低壓鑄造機結構與工藝說明
一、結構說明
低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)結構(gou)(gou)形式(shi)是(shi)為(wei)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)固定式(shi),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)部分都包(bao)括了300公(gong)斤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坩堝式(shi)熔(rong)化兼保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)爐、PLC電(dian)氣(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統、微(wei)機(ji)(ji)液面加(jia)(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統、垂(chui)直(zhi)分型(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)、U型(xing)(xing)傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置(zhi)以及升降機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)等(deng)。其(qi)中(zhong)垂(chui)直(zhi)分型(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)用(yong)于金(jin)(jin)屬型(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)工(gong)藝(yi)生產,并(bing)且(qie)還(huan)可以用(yong)在(zai)半金(jin)(jin)屬型(xing)(xing)半砂芯低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)方(fang)式(shi)進行(xing)制(zhi)造(zao)。PLC電(dian)氣(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)以日本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PLC可編程(cheng)序控(kong)制(zhi)器構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)氣(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)核(he)心,來實現(xian)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)開關量(liang)和(he)模擬量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉換與控(kong)制(zhi)。液面加(jia)(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統是(shi)用(yong)工(gong)業計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)加(jia)(jia)日本PLC聯控(kong),CRT顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)實現(xian)液面加(jia)(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實時(shi)(shi)閉環反饋控(kong)制(zhi)。并(bing)且(qie)屏幕中(zhong)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)英文菜單功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)以及提示(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)讓人和(he)機(ji)(ji)器之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通更(geng)加(jia)(jia)簡單清楚。電(dian)動(dong)伺服閥配是(shi)以很高(gao)(gao)精度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)傳(chuan)感器來組裝構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)執行(xing)單元和(he)檢(jian)測單元,特點(dian)是(shi)反應速度很快,精確程(cheng)度十分高(gao)(gao)。可以實現(xian)液面自(zi)動(dong)跟蹤功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)以及泄(xie)露自(zi)動(dong)補償功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng),而且(qie)還(huan)擁有聲光(guang)報警機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。時(shi)(shi)刻都能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)清楚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看見顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)屏當中(zhong)所設(she)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)曲(qu)線(xian)和(he)實際(ji)加(jia)(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)曲(qu)線(xian)以及各(ge)種(zhong)參數例如時(shi)(shi)間、速度、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)等(deng)等(deng)。升降機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)和(he)U型(xing)(xing)傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置(zhi)完成(cheng)(cheng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)(xing)和(he)升液管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密封簡單可靠(kao)。液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統是(shi)采用(yong)了雙聯葉片泵(beng)驅動(dong),設(she)置(zhi)兩(liang)級壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)實現(xian)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)運行(xing)以及高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)閉鎖等(deng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節省功(gong)(gong)(gong)率。在(zai)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)機(ji)(ji)上配置(zhi)12個通宵(xiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)(xing)溫(wen)(wen)度顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)儀,主(zhu)要(yao)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)為(wei)了能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)實時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監控(kong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)(xing)過程(cheng)當中(zhong)各(ge)點(dian)在(zai)澆注(zhu)狀態(tai)時(shi)(shi)候下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度變化。并(bing)且(qie)將(jiang)數據、柱狀圖(tu)、曲(qu)線(xian)圖(tu)等(deng)方(fang)式(shi)進行(xing)儲存打印記錄其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化趨勢。
低壓鑄(zhu)造機的(de)(de)熔(rong)化爐(lu)和保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)爐(lu)都是(shi)(shi)為(wei)坩堝密(mi)封式爐(lu)體,爐(lu)體材(cai)質是(shi)(shi)使用(yong)進(jin)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)石墨(mo),能(neng)夠讓爐(lu)體的(de)(de)使用(yong)時間變長,更(geng)加的(de)(de)有利于生產的(de)(de)持續能(neng)力,減(jian)少的(de)(de)大(da)量的(de)(de)維(wei)護和維(wei)修時間。當中保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)爐(lu)是(shi)(shi)采用(yong)了電阻絲加熱以(yi)及可(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅的(de)(de)調壓來(lai)實現pid自動(dong)控(kong)(kong)制溫(wen)(wen)度,這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)來(lai)能(neng)夠把溫(wen)(wen)度控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)更(geng)加精準。保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)爐(lu)的(de)(de)頭(tou)部是(shi)(shi)裝配了電加熱保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)套,主要是(shi)(shi)保(bao)證順序凝固以(yi)及防(fang)止凍結澆口(kou)(kou)提(ti)供(gong)可(ke)靠環境。
二、工藝說明
低壓鑄(zhu)造(zao)機的鑄(zhu)件結構特點以(yi)及鑄(zhu)造(zao)的凝固(gu)工藝都有:
1、采用了垂直(zhi)分型的(de)工藝開(kai)放(fang)式的(de)澆注(zhu)系統,讓(rang)鑄件參數更(geng)加全面的(de)顯示在(zai)系統屏幕之中;
2、在澆口的部(bu)位和(he)鑄件(jian)型腔**的部(bu)位都有(you)設(she)置(zhi)觸(chu)點(dian)以及熱電偶功能;
3、在遠(yuan)離澆口補(bu)縮難(nan)以(yi)實現的厚壁處,可以(yi)采用小冒口輔助補(bu)縮鑄件;
4、在(zai)一部分的(de)厚壁當中可以(yi)設置冷鐵,目的(de)是為了讓順序凝固(gu)提供更好的(de)環境條件;
5、通過調整充(chong)型的速(su)度和壓(ya)力(li)來保證鑄件成型之后的密度。
低(di)壓鑄(zhu)造機的工藝優點:
1、因(yin)為(wei)鋁(lv)液是在巨大的(de)壓力(li)之下進行充型和(he)凝聚,實現了順序凝固(gu)和(he)壓力(li)補縮所以絲毫不良費(fei)材料讓金屬的(de)利用(yong)率(lv)得到提高;
2、在(zai)功能全(quan)面的計算機控制之(zhi)下液面加壓系(xi)統(tong),可以讓鑄(zhu)造工藝參(can)數的重復精確(que)程度得到(dao)顯著提高,從而讓鑄(zhu)件的成功率以及合(he)格率也得到(dao)提升,使工作人員的操(cao)作難度降低讓工作更加效率;
3、采(cai)用低壓鑄(zhu)造機(ji)工藝的(de)時候,從數據(ju)顯示來看(kan)廢品率也是大幅度的(de)在縮(suo)減;與相同的(de)大型鋁合金鑄(zhu)件相比較,在性(xing)能力(li)學方面也有(you)加強(qiang)。